August Monthly Theme: Savasana

Savasana is a yoga asana often used to begin or conclude a yoga session. It is a relaxing posture intended to rejuvenate one's body, mind and spirit. In Savasana, our bodies integrate and assimilate what we have just practiced. It is about letting go completely. Proper relaxation is essential for the health of our mind and body and for clarity of thought for making good choices. The obstacles to a good Savasana are sleep, boredom, mental agitation, and the ultimate obstacle: thinking you don't need Savasana anymore. Mental agitation and tension are obstacles that make us miss the point of life's journey.

As Sri, K. Pattbhi Jois says, “Most difficult for students, not waking, not sleeping.” It may be the most difficult asana to master, yet the focus is simple -- all you do is relax every body part. If you get distracted or agitated, you can always come back to this basis. Just undo, unwind, let go totally. Place yourself carefully in the pose, and then just get out of the way and observe. Savasana raises our consciousness and intention to a higher, more spiritual plane. In these moments, we feel how yoga is a spiritual science, not a physical work out. Sometimes in Savasana you get a taste of the unconditioned mind, with no thoughts arising, just bare awareness. When you achieve peace in Savasana, remind yourself that you can call upon this feeling, contact this place inside you, at any time during the day.

The aim of yoga practice in daily life is to live vividly from moment to moment without being stuck in thinking or the idea of not-thinking. Wood floor, open window, blanket, cushion, t-shirt, wool socks – there is something profound just here. We are not trying to create an experience; we are making room for experience to happen. Experience, like the present moment, is always waiting for a place to happen. The architecture of savasana requires us to continually let the ground we are lying down on, literally the ground of our thoughts and our bodies, to fall away, until the constructs that frame our experience pass on. This is an act of both dying and being born. Our imagination makes us very busy exploring the world of choices. In the end, there will be no choice, just death. So in the center of your bumbling human life, where you are always looking around for something better, notice how the present moment is just a small death away.Savasana is the art of practicing our death, little by little, every day. “If student does not get up from savasana,” says Pattabhi Jois, “or lifting student up (and he/she) is like a stiff board, savasana is correct.”

“…every day, a little ‘bit dying.” Pattabhi Jois

July Monthly Theme: Meditation

Meditation is the art of watching your mind think. According to the science of meditation, the mind is considered the instrument that the Self uses for perception. The mind has four functions or aspects. The lower mind is called, manas. It is the part which collects data. To utilize this information intelligently, two other functions of the mind come into operation. The first is the ahamkara, or sense of I-ness. For example the sensory mind can see a flower, but it is the I-ness that says, “I see a flower.” When information is presented to the mind, a decision, judgment, or discriminative ability is necessary and this is called the power of the intellect, or the buddhi. The fourth function of the mind is the memory bank, which stores all past experiences. This is called the chitta. Beyond the mind and mental functioning lies the inner or higher field of consciousness called the “SELF”. This is observed through the practice of meditation.

According to the yoga sutras, our pain and suffering is created by the misperception that we are separate from nature. The realization that we aren’t separate may be experienced spontaneously, without effort. However, most of us need guidance. Patajali’s eight limbed system provides us with the framework we need.

Just as there are numerous styles of hatha yoga, so there are many ways to meditate. Remember while practicing any mediation technique that thoughts are not a problem to you, the meditator. You can just watch them and know they are waves of perception that arise, stay, and then pass. The Pure Consciousness/SELF is always present and each wave is just a modification of that. Some techniques include:

1. Repeat a mantra to yourself: use a sound or phrase as a point of focus.
2. Chanting: an extension of mantra with pitch and sound
3. Use of Imagery or visualization
4. Gazing: such as candle gazing or tratak
5. Breathing: using the breath as a point of focus
6. Physical Sensations: watching your physical sensations

Overall, research has confirmed that profound physiological and psychological changes take place when we meditate, causing an actual shift in the brain and the involuntary processes of the body. When the mind calms down in meditation, EEG shows waves that are smoother and slower and categorizes them as alpha waves. As meditation deepens brain activity decreases, and the waves are then classified as theta waves. In the end, meditation may be rewiring brains to reduce stress. Studies have shown decreased perspiration and slower rate of respiration accompanied by a decrease of metabolic wastes in the bloodstream, lower blood pressure and an enhanced immune system among meditators. Furthermore, research shows a decrease in stress, anxiety, and a greater sense of inner peace.

June Monthly Theme: Purusharthas–Dharma, Artha, Karma and Moksha

Purusha means human being and artha means object or objective. Purusharthas means objectives of man. According to Hindu way of life, a man should strive to achieve four chief objectives (Purusharthas) in his life. Of these, the first three belong to the realm of worldly values; the fourth is called the supreme value. The fulfillment of the first three paves the way for Moksha.They are:

1. Dharma (righteousness),
2. Artha (material wealth),
3. Kama (desire) and
4. Moksha (salvation or freedom through communion with God or the infinite).

Every individual in a society is expected to achieve these four objectives and seek fulfillment in his life before departing from here. The concept of Purusharthas clearly establishes the fact that it is not advocated to live a life of self negation and hardship, but a life of balance, achievement and fulfillment.

Dharma (Virtue)

Dharma or Virtue is the fundamental means by which to attain the other three goals. Dharma is founded in Truth and it is the support of the universe. But the majority of people in their ignorance forget the first and the last, and run after worldly pleasures, often resorting to unrighteous means. As a result they suffer all through their lives. Misery is the inevitable result of adharma (opposite of dharma).

Observing this sad plight of the people, Vyasa says in the Mahabharata:

Artha and Kama, which all people desire so much, can be attained from Dharma itself. Why then do they not follow Dharma?

Sri Shankaracharya said:

Dharma is the law of conduct by means of which man attains worldly prosperity as well as final beatitude or Moksha.

The key to individual and social ethics of Hinduism is the conception of Dharma, whose full implications cannot be conveyed by such English words as religion, duty or righteousness. Derived from a root which means to support, the word signifies the law of inner growth by which a person is supported in his present state of evolution and is shown the way to future development. A person's Dharma is not imposed by society or decreed by an arbitrary God, but is something with which he is born as a result of his actions in previous lives.

Dharma determines a man's proper attitude toward the outer world and governs his mental and physical reactions in a given situation. It is his code of honor.

Dharma is the basis of both individual progress and social welfare.

Artha (Wealth)

Dharma should be strictly adhered to for the attainment of worldly prosperity. Wealth must be earned or acquired according to Dharma.

Kama (Pleasure)

The object of the third legitimate desire is Kama, or the enjoyment of sense pleasure. This covers a vast area- from the enjoyment of conjugal love, without which the creation cannot be maintained, to the appreciation of art, music and poetry. Sense pleasures, if not pursued according to Dharma, degenerate into sensuality.

Wealth and sense pleasure, which are only means to an end, are valuable in so far as their enjoyment creates a genuine yearning for spiritual freedom in the mind of the enjoyer.

Moksha (Emancipation)

The fourth legitimate desire, equally irresistible, is related to Moksha, or freedom from the love and attachment prompted by the finite view of life. Man, who in essence is spirit, cannot be permanently satisfied with worldly experiences. After fulfilling all his worldly desires and responsibilities a man still wants to know how he can suppress his inner restlessness and attain peace. So at last he gives up attachment to the world and seeks freedom through the knowledge of the spirit.

May Monthly Theme: Hatha Yoga Pradipika

Swami Muktibodhananda states…

According to hatha yoga there are six major factors which prevent yoga or union from occurring. In hatha yoga, union means uniting the two energy forces, mental and pranic, in the body. This is the energy flowing in the ida and pingala nadis. Hatha Yoga is the process of balancing the flow of these two alternating forces to bring perfect physical and mental equilibrium and wakening to sushumna and kundalini. All branches of yoga unite these two energies and channelize them through the sushumna. These three Nadis terminate in the Ajna Chakra or 3rd eye.

The object of hatha yoga practice is the increase the duration and flow of sushumna and the period when both nostrils flow simultaneously so that a balance is created in the physical and mental functions. When the mind and body are not functioning in harmony, there is a division between the physical and mental rhythms, which inevitably leads to sickness. Thus, one must avoid all activities which waste energy or distract the mind. The six obstacles, that get in the way of yoga or union, are:

• Overeating: When the body is overloaded with food, it becomes sluggish and the mind becomes dull. Over a period of time toxins build up in the body. If the body is toxic and lethargic, how can one make progress? It is advised that the stomach should be half filled with food, one quarter with water and one quarter with air!

• Overexerting or Overstraining the Body and Mind: Hard physical labor or intense mental work taxes one of the energy systems and can create further imbalance between the two energies. The hatha yogi has to conserve and build up his store of energy for spiritual purposes.

• Too Much Talking & Being in the Company of Common People: This wastes time which could be better spent in awakening the inner awareness. Gossiping with people who have low morals and base consciousness cannot enlighten your soul, rather their negative vibrations may influence you. Social situations and irrelevant discussions distract the mind.


• Strict Adherence to Rules and Regulations: Although it is important to follow the instructions of a guru, as far as religious doctrines are concerned, it is unnecessary that they be maintained for spiritual progress. Adhering to rules makes one “narrow minded” and yoga is meant to expand the consciousness. A yogi’s mind should be flexible and able to adjust to circumstances.


• Unsteadiness/Wavering Mind: This means an imbalanced body metabolism, inability to hold one posture for a period of time, and a wavering mind. Yoga cannot be achieved under these conditions. When there is physical, mental, emotional, and psychic imbalance, the energy is dispersed, but if the energy is properly channelized, all the bodily systems become stable. If there is inconsistency and irregularity in lifestyle further imbalance in the body will ensue. An unswerving mind and steady body cultivate yoga.

April Monthly Theme: Practice & Non-Attachment

The question arises of how do we arrive at a state of yoga and what should we do and not do?

Patanjali states in sutras 1.12-1.16:

ABHYASA VAIRAGYABHYAM TANNIRODHAH
These mental modifications are restrained by practice and non-attachment

TATRA STHITAU YATNO’BHYASAH
Of these two effort toward steadiness of mind is practice (effort must be continuous.)

SA TU DIRGHA KALA NAIRANTARYA SATKA RASEVITO DRDHAHUMIH
Practice becomes firmly grounded when well attended to for a long time, without break and in all earnestness

According to Desikachar, “ This sutra emphasizes the need to approach practice soberly with a positive, self-disciplined attitude and with a long term view toward eventual success.”

DRSTANUSRAVIKA VISAYA VITRSNASYA VASIKARA SAMJNA VAIRGYAM
At the highest level there is an absence of any cravings, either for the fulfillment of the senses or for extra ordinary experiences

As we develop our practice along the correct lines, we find that our ability to discipline ourselves and reject intrusive influences grows (Desikachar)

TAT PARAM PURSA KHYATER GUNAVAITRSNYAM
When the individual has achieved complete understanding of his true self, he will no longer be disturbed by the distracting influences within and around him.

In the end this higher form of detachment develops from self understanding. The mind becomes detached from its personal desires. The desires are not suppressed. One is just no longer disturbed by them.

March Monthly Theme: Kriya Yoga

The second chapter of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras describes the qualities necessary to change the mind effectively and gradually from a state of distraction to one of attention. These are practical hints to be followed in our daily lives. He starts with the explanation of Kriya Yoga:

Tapah Svadhayayaesvara Pranidhanani Kriya Yoga:
“Accepting pain as help for purification, study of spiritual books, and surrender to the Supreme Being constitute yoga in practice”
– Swami Satchidananda

According to Patanjali, Kriya yoga or the yoga that we practice incorporates tapas, svadhyaya, and Isvara pranidhanam. Tapas has a couple of interpretations; it can mean fire or heat or to burn impurities. It can also mean self-discipline. Patanjali states that tapas is equal to accepting pain as purification. If we have to suffer pain to be purified than it is worth it. The self-discipline aspect refers to suffering this pain. If we can endure it, through self-discipline, we look forward to the pain to assist us in seeing the true self. Self-discipline can also facilitate spiritual progress.

Svadyaya is study, specifically self- study. It is to study with understanding and with our hearts. The more we study in this manner, the more we can elevate the mind and expand our knowledge. Svadyaya also implies to put into action the things that you study. Experience is unequaled in its ability to add to our knowledge and consciousness. Wisdom comes with experience.

Isvara pranidhanam is to surrender to a power greater than one’s self. This involves giving up everything to the divine; all accomplishments and all things negative. God will take care of them. You are only an impermanent holder of these feelings. They belong to God. When you can live this way, you can experience peace, joy and keep the mind liberated from chitta vrittas.

Kriya yoga is the path of transmutative action or the act of changing into a higher form. Often best described as a form of internal karma yoga which is achieved by perfecting the niyamas or self disciplines of Patanjali’s eight limbed path, particularly, tapas (austerity), svadhayaya (self study) and isvara pranidhana (devotion to the Lord), a yogi erases samskara (subliminal activators) from his subconscious.

February Monthly Theme: Samkhya

In Samkhya philosophy there are three major guṇas which serve as the fundamental operating principles or "tendencies" of prakrti (universal nature) which are called: sattva guṇa, and rajas guṇa, tamas guṇa. The three primary gunas are generally accepted to be associated with creation (satva), preservation (rajas), and destruction (tamas). The entire creation and its process of evolution is carried out by these three major gunas.

All material nature is made up the interplay of three energies or "gunas". Part of the work of yoga is to go beyond the limitation of seeing life as forms and concepts, and to see the underlying qualities of things. The gunas are a great map for navigating your way through life. When you can recognize which of these energies is at play in your life, it makes it so much easier to bring about a state of balance.

Rajas:
Generally: is a passionate, frenetic, creative, tumultuous energy.
People that are rajasic are full of desire, thirsting for worldly enjoyment, and even at more extreme ends of the scale, fueled by competition and ambitiousness. The Sanskrit root means "impure". It is also related to the root rakta, "redness". And raga, "passion." If you think of living in a bright red room or a woman wearing a red dress, you can feel the energy of Rajas. Food that is Rajasic is quite stimulating (often times over stimulating). Eg: spicy, sour, acid foods like coffee, hot peppers, onions and so on. If you find yourself eating really quickly too, this too can be rajasic. If you have ever been to a big smorgasbord and eaten way too many combinations of food, you would have belly will be feeling the effect of Rajas Guna

Tamas:
Tamas is dull, insensible, gloomy and dark energy. The Sanskrit word literally means "darkness, dark-blue, black." People that are tamasic are gloomy, sluggish, dull and blinded by greed. Sometimes people who are tamasic can be characterized as lazy and slothful. If you spend the night drinking tequila in Margaritaville, the next morning you will find yourself deep in the heart of Tamasicville On the darker end of the tamasic scale, they can be unconscious of the needs others, dark and destructive. Food that is Tamasic is stale, under or over ripe. Heavy meats. Canned, reheated or fermented foods. Eating too much is Tamasic.

Sattva:
Sattva is a calm, peaceful and clear energy. The Sanskrit word is based on the principle "Sat" or "being, as it should be, perfect."
People that are Sattvic are calm, centered, compassionate and unselfish. Food that is Sattvic is nourishing & easy to digest. Cereals, Fresh Fruit, Pure Water, Veggies, Milk, Yogurt